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Diurnal panic attacks with and without nocturnal panic attacks: are there some phenomenological differences?

Fabiana L Lopes1, Antonio E Nardi, Isabella Nascimento

  • 1Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. fllopes@predialnet.com.br

Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
|October 15, 2005
PubMed
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Patients experiencing both nocturnal and diurnal panic attacks share similar characteristics and short-term treatment outcomes compared to those with only diurnal panic attacks. This finding aids in understanding panic disorder heterogeneity.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
  • Panic attacks can occur nocturnally or diurnally, potentially indicating different underlying mechanisms or patient subgroups.
  • Understanding the distinctions and similarities between nocturnal and diurnal panic attacks is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical features and short-term treatment outcomes of patients with both nocturnal and diurnal panic attacks (NDPA) versus those with only diurnal panic attacks (DPA).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study and short-term follow-up of 57 patients diagnosed with panic disorder (DSM-IV).
  • Assessment included the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Eysenck Personality Inventory, and Brown Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Scale.

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  • Treatment involved nortriptyline for 30 days, with PDSS reassessed at baseline and follow-up.

    • Main Results:

    • The sample comprised 57.9% NDPA group and 42.1% DPA group.
    • Both groups exhibited similar mean age at PD onset and a prevalence of respiratory symptoms.
    • No significant differences were found in PDSS scores post-treatment, Neuroticism, Extroversion, or Brown ADD Scale scores between the groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Patients with both nocturnal and diurnal panic attacks present with comparable phenomenology and short-term treatment outcomes to those with purely diurnal panic attacks.
    • These findings suggest that the presence of nocturnal panic attacks does not significantly alter the clinical presentation or response to treatment in the short term.
    • Further research may explore longer-term outcomes and specific treatment nuances for different panic attack patterns.