Review article: hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular risk

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Lipidology

Background:

• Hyperlipidaemia is a critical determinant for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
• It is closely linked to insulin resistance syndrome, characterized by specific plasma lipoprotein alterations.
• These alterations include elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and modified small-dense low-density lipoproteins.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of hyperlipidaemia in cardiovascular risk.
• To discuss risk assessment tools and pharmacological interventions.
• To emphasize a multidisciplinary approach to managing dyslipidaemia and associated conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk.
• Analysis of risk factors and assessment algorithms.
• Evaluation of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• Pharmacological treatments, particularly statins, significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
• Multidisciplinary approaches integrating lifestyle interventions and management of comorbidities are essential.
• Risk assessment tools are valuable but require consistent patient populations for optimal use.

Conclusions:

• Hyperlipidaemia is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
• Integrated management strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
• Further research should focus on refining risk stratification and personalized treatment plans.