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Sperm concentration and normal sperm morphology decrease and follicle-stimulating hormone level increases with age.

Fábio F Pasqualotto1, Bernardo P Sobreiro, Jorge Hallak

  • 1Instituto de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul e Divisão de Clínica Urológica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Fabio@conception-rs.com.br

BJU International
|October 18, 2005
PubMed
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Male fertility markers like sperm concentration and motility decline with age, while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rise. Sperm morphology also decreases in men over 45, impacting reproductive health assessments.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Andrology
  • Human Reproduction

Background:

  • Aging impacts male reproductive health.
  • Hormonal and semen parameters may change with age.
  • Understanding age-related changes is crucial for fertility assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate age-related changes in hormone levels, testicular volume, and semen characteristics in fertile men.
  • To identify specific parameters affected by aging in men seeking vasectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 889 men's records undergoing vasectomy (1999-2003).
  • Patients categorized into five age groups.
  • Analysis of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and testicular volumes.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences in LH, testosterone, or testicular volumes across age groups.
  • FSH levels, semen volume, sperm concentration, and motility showed significant age-related differences.
  • Normal sperm morphology declined in men over 45 years.
  • Linear regression indicated annual decreases in semen volume (0.01 mL), sperm concentration (2.1%), and motility (0.27%), with an annual FSH increase (0.27%).

Conclusions:

  • Sperm concentration and motility decrease with advancing age.
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels increase with age.
  • Normal sperm morphology is reduced in men older than 45.
  • Age-related changes necessitate consideration in establishing reference values for routine semen analysis.