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Primate assemblage structure in Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests.

Torbjørn Haugaasen1, Carlos A Peres

  • 1Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. T.Haugaasen@uea.ac.uk

American Journal of Primatology
|October 18, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Neotropical primate diversity varies by forest type. Floodplain forests, though less species-rich, support higher primate density and biomass, crucial for conservation alongside terra firme.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Zoology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Primate species richness in Neotropical forests shows significant variation, with western Amazonia hosting the richest assemblages.
  • Forest types, specifically unflooded (terra firme) and seasonally inundated (várzea and igapó) areas, are key factors influencing platyrrhine primate diversity, abundance, and biomass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate primate assemblage structure in adjacent terra firme and seasonally inundated forests (várzea and igapó) in the lower Purús region of Brazilian Amazonia.
  • To compare species richness, density, biomass, and dominant species between different forest types.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive line-transect census covering 2,026 km in terra firme, 2,309 km in várzea, and 277 km in igapó.
  • Recording 2,059 primate group sightings across twelve primate species.

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Main Results:

  • Terra firme forests were consistently more species-rich than várzea forests.
  • Primate density was significantly lower in terra firme compared to the species-poorer várzea.
  • Total primate biomass was substantially higher in várzea forests than in terra firme or igapó forests.
  • Brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) dominated terra firme, while squirrel monkeys (Saimiri cf. ustus) were most abundant in várzea.

Conclusions:

  • Floodplain forests (várzea and igapó) play a vital role in supporting Amazonian primate populations.
  • These diverse forest types are crucial complements to terra firme for effective primate conservation strategies in the Amazon basin.