[Management, prevention and control of anaemia secondary to iron deficiency]

Anemia secondary to iron deficiency is the most frequent anaemia in our environment, the first cause of consultation in Haematology and the most common nutritional problem. It is characterized by a diminution or absence of iron deposits. The ultimate test that confirms the diagnosis of anaemia secondary to iron deficiency is a low serum level of ferritin, which indicates iron depletion. Other parameters do not allow to distinguish iron deficiency anaemia from other chronic derangements. Diet is of utmost importance in anaemia. There is not a single food product with sufficient concentration of iron capable of restoring iron deficiency situations. Therefore, treatment of iron deficiency must be made orally with iron preparates, mainly in the form of iron sulphate in order to guarantee a better absorption. The initial recommended doses are 150-200 mg of elemental iron per day split in three ingestions (in children 3-5 mg/Kg/day).