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Estrogen, testosterone, and gender differences.

Dean E Dluzen1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, (NEOUCOM), Rootstown, OH. ded@neoucom.edu

Endocrine
|October 19, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Research on gender differences shows more citations for estrogen than testosterone. However, testosterone research saw more citations when combined with sex differences, with a recent shift towards estrogen.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Neuroendocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding hormonal influences on biological and behavioral traits is crucial.
  • The distinction between sex differences (biological) and gender differences (social/cultural) in research is important.
  • Tracking research trends helps identify emerging areas of scientific inquiry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze current trends in research related to gender and sex differences.
  • To examine citation patterns for estrogen and testosterone in relation to gender and sex differences.
  • To provide perspective on the definition, bases, and research trends in gender differences.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a Medline search from 1994-2004 using keywords: estrogen, testosterone, gender differences, sex differences, and their combinations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed citation counts for various keyword combinations, including searches within 'human' and 'animal' contexts.
  • Examined trends in citation numbers over the 10-year survey period.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher estrogen to testosterone citation ratios were observed when combined with 'gender differences'.
    • Higher testosterone to estrogen ratios were found with 'sex differences' or when studies focused on males/females separately, though this trend is shifting.
    • A notable increase in citations for 'estrogen' and 'gender differences' was observed over time, with 'gender differences' strongly associated with 'human' studies.

    Conclusions:

    • Citation trends indicate a growing research interest in estrogen's role in gender differences.
    • The distinction between 'gender differences' (human-focused) and 'sex differences' (potentially broader) is reflected in citation patterns.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the interplay between hormones and sex/gender in various biological and behavioral contexts.