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Related Concept Videos

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

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Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green...
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Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

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Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
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Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria01:28

Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria

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Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...
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The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

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The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Photobiological hydrogen production.

Y Asada1, J Miyake

  • 1National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, AIST/MITI, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
|October 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This review covers photobiological hydrogen production using cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria. Advances include genetic engineering and optimized photobioreactors for efficient hydrogen gas generation.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria can produce hydrogen gas using nitrogenase and/or hydrogenase enzymes.
  • Native hydrogenases in cyanobacteria produce hydrogen in the dark via glycogen degradation.
  • Coupling cyanobacterial photosynthetic systems with bacterial hydrogenases offers a light-driven pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review principles and recent advancements in photobiological hydrogen production.
  • To explore genetic engineering strategies for enhanced hydrogen yield.
  • To discuss the development of photobioreactors for efficient hydrogen gas generation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating hydrogen production via native and engineered hydrogenases in cyanobacteria.

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  • Coupling cyanobacterial photosynthetic systems with heterologous hydrogenases.
  • Genetic transformation of Synechococcus PCC7942 with Clostridium hydrogenase gene.
  • Isolation and characterization of strong hydrogen-producing photosynthetic bacteria.
  • Utilizing coculture systems (e.g., Rhodobacter and Clostridium) for hydrogen production from glucose.
  • Developing mutant strains (e.g., Rhodobacter sphaeroides RV) with altered light-harvesting proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful in vitro and in vivo coupling of cyanobacterial photosynthetic system with clostridial hydrogenase.
    • Expression of active Clostridium hydrogenase in genetically transformed Synechococcus PCC7942.
    • Isolation of potent hydrogen-producing photosynthetic bacterial strains.
    • Enhanced hydrogen productivity in a mutant Rhodobacter sphaeroides RV strain under specific monochromatic light irradiation.
    • Review of photobioreactor designs for hydrogen production.

    Conclusions:

    • Photobiological hydrogen production holds promise as a sustainable energy source.
    • Genetic engineering and optimized photobioreactor design are key to improving hydrogen yields.
    • Further research into photosynthetic bacteria and their metabolic pathways can unlock greater hydrogen production efficiencies.