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Smoking and celiac disease: a population-based cohort study
Jonas F Ludvigsson1, Scott M Montgomery, Anders Ekbom
1Pediatric Department, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. jonasludvigsson@yahoo.com
Summary
This study found that smoking during pregnancy does not significantly impact the future risk of developing celiac disease (CD). The research suggests smoking has little effect on celiac disease development in pregnant women.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Previous research suggested a protective effect of smoking against celiac disease (CD).
- These earlier studies were limited by small sample sizes and retrospective smoking data collection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between smoking during pregnancy and the risk of celiac disease (CD).
- To provide more robust evidence by utilizing large-scale national health registers.
Main Methods:
- Linked Swedish national inpatient and medical birth registers for women pregnant between 1983-2001.
- Analyzed smoking status during pregnancy in relation to diagnosed and undiagnosed CD at delivery.
- Adjusted for civil status, age, and year of smoking data collection.
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between smoking during pregnancy and future celiac disease (CD) risk (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.67).
- Adjusted analyses, including stratification for comorbidity and time to diagnosis, showed no link between smoking and future CD.
- However, smoking was more common in women with diagnosed CD compared to those without a CD diagnosis (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12-1.64).
Conclusions:
- Smoking during pregnancy appears to have minimal impact on the future risk of developing celiac disease (CD).
- The findings challenge previous suggestions of a protective effect of smoking against CD in this population.