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Clinically non-functioning human pituitary adenomas.

S L Asa1, K Kovacs

  • 1Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
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Non-functioning pituitary adenomas are diverse, including silent types and null cell adenomas. Their origins and cell differentiation mechanisms, particularly for null cell adenomas and oncocytomas, require further investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) are heterogeneous.
  • They are classified based on morphology, hormone immunoreactivity, and ultrastructural features.
  • This includes silent adenomas and null cell adenomas/oncocytomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of NFAs.
  • To examine hormone synthesis via in situ hybridization and in vitro release.
  • To explore the origins and differentiation of null cell adenomas and oncocytomas.

Main Methods:

  • Histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
  • Ultrastructural examination.
  • In situ hybridization and tissue culture for hormone synthesis and release.

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Main Results:

  • NFAs present a heterogeneous group with discrepancies between morphology and function.
  • Silent adenomas (somatotroph, corticotroph, gonadotroph) show cell type resemblance but lack clinical activity.
  • Null cell adenomas and oncocytomas lack resemblance to known cell types and may arise from pluripotent precursors.

Conclusions:

  • Non-functioning pituitary adenomas are a complex group with unclear origins for silent types.
  • Oncocytomas are considered variants of null cell adenomas.
  • Null cell adenomas and oncocytomas may originate from pluripotent cells, often differentiating towards FSH/alpha-subunit production, though the mechanism is unknown.