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Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk.

E J Brunner1, M Thorogood, K Rees

  • 1University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK WC1E 6BT. e.brunner@public-health.ucl.ac.uk

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Dietary advice shows modest benefits for cardiovascular health in healthy adults, improving diet and reducing risk factors like cholesterol and blood pressure over about 9 months.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Dietary Interventions
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Population dietary changes can reduce cardiovascular disease and cancer risk.
  • The precise impact of dietary advice on health outcomes remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary advice in promoting sustained dietary changes.
  • To assess the impact of dietary advice on the cardiovascular risk profile of healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to December 2000.
  • Included trials involved healthy adults, lasted at least three months, and had less than 20% loss to follow-up.
  • Excluded trials focused on children, weight reduction, or supplementation.

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Main Results:

  • Dietary advice led to significant reductions in total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
  • Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, were reduced.
  • Fruit, vegetable, and dietary fiber intake increased, while total and saturated fat intake decreased.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary advice is effective in inducing modest, beneficial changes in diet and cardiovascular risk factors.
  • These positive effects are observed over approximately nine months, but long-term impacts require further investigation.