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Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia.

A Rumbold1, L Duley, C Crowther

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, Australia 5006. alice.rumbold@adelaide.edu.au

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and small-for-gestational-age infants. However, caution is advised due to study quality, as preterm birth risk may increase.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is implicated in pre-eclampsia development.
  • Antioxidant supplementation may counteract oxidative stress during pregnancy.
  • Preventing or delaying pre-eclampsia onset is a key objective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of antioxidant supplementation in pregnancy.
  • To evaluate safety and impact on pre-eclampsia and related complications.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized and quasi-randomized trials.

Main Methods:

  • Searched Cochrane databases for relevant trials up to June 2004.
  • Included randomized and quasi-randomized trials comparing antioxidants with placebo or no treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Two independent reviewers assessed trial inclusion, data extraction, and quality.

    • Main Results:

    • Seven trials (6082 women) were included; most were low quality.
    • Antioxidant use reduced pre-eclampsia risk by 39% (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.75).
    • Reduced risk of small-for-gestational-age infants, increased mean birthweight, but higher preterm birth risk (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.82).

    Conclusions:

    • Antioxidant supplementation appears to lower pre-eclampsia risk, but results need cautious interpretation due to study quality.
    • A reduction in small-for-gestational-age infants was observed, alongside an increased risk of preterm birth.
    • Further large trials are necessary before clinical practice recommendations can be made.