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Related Experiment Videos

Spermicide used alone for contraception.

D A Grimes1, L Lopez, E G Raymond

  • 1Family Health International, P. O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA. dgrimes@fhi.org

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Spermicide gel with a lower dose of nonoxynol-9 was less effective for contraception. User factors, not just spermicide characteristics, influence pregnancy risk in these trials.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Contraception Research
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Spermicides, used for millennia as contraceptives, are vaginal medications containing active ingredients like nonoxynol-9.
  • Recent research has focused on comparing the efficacy and acceptability of various spermicide formulations.
  • Understanding spermicide performance is crucial for reproductive health choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of spermicides used as standalone contraceptives.
  • To assess the comparative efficacy and outcomes of different spermicide products and formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive search of multiple databases (e.g., CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE) up to July 2004 for relevant RCTs.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on commercial products used alone for contraception with sufficient data on pregnancy rates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Data extraction by two independent reviewers; results presented descriptively due to high participant dropout rates.

    • Main Results:

    • The largest trial indicated a lower contraceptive efficacy for a nonoxynol-9 52.5 mg gel compared to higher doses (100 mg, 150 mg).
    • Pregnancy probabilities at six months varied significantly by nonoxynol-9 dose, but trial limitations due to participant loss were noted.
    • Few significant efficacy differences were observed across other spermicide trials, and user characteristics appeared influential.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy probability varied widely among spermicide trials, with a low-dose nonoxynol-9 gel showing inferior efficacy.
    • User characteristics and behavior may play a more significant role in contraceptive outcomes than product specifics.
    • High discontinuation rates and recruitment challenges complicate spermicide trial validity and interpretation.