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Related Experiment Videos

Situation models, propositions, and the fan effect.

Gabriel A Radvansky1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. gabriel.a.radvansky.1@nd.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|October 21, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Memory probes impact language comprehension retrieval. Referential probes, like sentences, avoid retrieval interference by engaging the situation model, unlike non-referential concept pairs.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Language comprehension theories propose multiple representational levels: surface form, propositional text base, and situation model.
  • Understanding how memory retrieval interacts with these representational levels is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of the referential nature of memory probes on retrieval interference during language comprehension.
  • To determine if different levels of representation (surface, text base, situation model) are differentially affected by probe type.

Main Methods:

  • Participants memorized sentences describing objects in specific locations.
  • Memory probes were administered as either complete sentences (referential) or concept pairs (non-referential).

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  • Retrieval interference was measured based on the type of memory probe used.

    • Main Results:

    • No retrieval interference was observed when referential sentence probes were used, suggesting integration into a common situation model.
    • Retrieval interference occurred when non-referential concept pair probes were used.
    • This indicates that non-referential probes engage surface form and text base representations more heavily.

    Conclusions:

    • The referential nature of memory probes significantly influences retrieval interference in language comprehension.
    • Referential probes facilitate situation model access, minimizing interference, while non-referential probes rely more on lower-level representations, increasing interference.
    • Findings support the multi-level representational theory of language comprehension and memory retrieval.