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Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon.

Gregory P Asner1, David E Knapp, Eben N Broadbent

  • 1Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gasner@globalecology.stanford.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 22, 2005
PubMed
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Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon, often unseen by satellites, impacts vast areas. Our study reveals logging activity is substantial, comparable to deforestation and releasing significant carbon emissions.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Forestry
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Amazon deforestation is monitored by satellites, but selective logging remains largely undetected.
  • Selective logging poses a significant, yet underquantified, threat to Amazonian forest ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote-sensing analysis to quantify selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon.
  • To assess the extent and impact of selective logging on conservation lands.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized automated remote-sensing analysis for high-resolution mapping of selective logging.
  • Focused on the top five timber-producing states in the Brazilian Amazon.
  • Analyzed data from 1999 to 2002.

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Main Results:

  • Annual logged areas ranged from 12,075 to 19,823 km² between 1999 and 2002, representing 60-123% of reported deforestation.
  • Up to 1,200 km² of logging occurred annually on conservation lands.
  • Estimated annual wood extraction between 27-50 million m³ and a carbon flux of approximately 0.1 billion metric tons.

Conclusions:

  • Selective logging is a major driver of forest disturbance in the Brazilian Amazon, comparable in scale to deforestation.
  • Logging activities significantly impact conservation areas, highlighting regulatory and enforcement challenges.
  • The study underscores the critical need for improved monitoring of selective logging to inform forest management and climate change mitigation strategies.