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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
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Published on: August 27, 2015

Interlinked fast and slow positive feedback loops drive reliable cell decisions.

Onn Brandman1, James E Ferrell, Rong Li

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. onn@stanford.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Positive feedback systems use multiple linked loops, not single ones, to achieve rapid responses while resisting noise. This dual-time switch mechanism is crucial for biological processes like cell polarization and signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Positive feedback is a common motif in biological signal transduction.
  • It enables systems to switch from graded inputs to decisive, all-or-none outputs.
  • Examples include cell polarization, calcium signaling, and oocyte maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why biological systems utilize multiple interlinked positive feedback loops instead of single loops.
  • To understand the design principles behind robust biological switches.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling and simulations were employed.
  • The study focused on the dynamics of linked fast and slow positive feedback loops.

Main Results:

  • Linking fast and slow positive feedback loops creates a "dual-time" switch.
  • This dual-time switch is rapidly inducible.
  • It also demonstrates significant resistance to noise from upstream signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple interlinked positive feedback loops offer advantages over single loops.
  • The "dual-time" switch provides a mechanism for robust and rapid biological responses.
  • This design principle is conserved across various biological processes.