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Tuberculosis in New Zealand, 1992-2001: a resurgence
1Division of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. showie@mrc.gm
Archives of Disease in Childhood
|October 26, 2005
Summary
Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) rates surged in New Zealand children between 1992-2001, particularly in non-European and immigrant groups. This highlights ongoing community transmission and missed prevention opportunities for childhood TB.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge.
- Understanding paediatric TB epidemiology is crucial for effective control strategies.
- Recent trends in New Zealand (NZ) paediatric TB required investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the recent epidemiology of paediatric tuberculosis (TB) in New Zealand (NZ).
- To outline the clinical features of TB in children under 16 years old in NZ.
- To identify trends and risk factors associated with childhood TB in the specified period.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of clinical, laboratory, and radiology records.
- Inclusion criteria: Children under 16 years old diagnosed with TB.
- Study period: January 1992 to June 2001 across nine NZ health districts.
Main Results:
- 274 paediatric TB cases identified; average annual rate 4.8/100,000, peaking at 10.1 in 1999.
- Highest rates in under-5s (6.2/100,000) and varied significantly by ethnicity (African 575.2, Pacific Island 15.2, Maori 6.4).
- 26% foreign-born, 36% detected upon symptom presentation, 43% linked to outbreaks; 7% drug resistance, no HIV co-infection.
Conclusions:
- A resurgence of paediatric TB occurred in NZ (1992-2001), primarily affecting non-European and immigrant populations.
- Despite existing programs, many cases involved outbreaks or were identified late, suggesting unrecognised adult disease and community transmission.
- Findings indicate missed opportunities for TB prevention in children and necessitate further research into underlying causes.
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