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Related Concept Videos

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
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Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
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MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
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Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

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Mitogen-activated protein kinases in cell-cycle control.

Rebecca A MacCorkle1, Tse-Hua Tan

  • 1Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3498, USA.

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
|October 26, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate cell growth and differentiation. This review details how MAPK subfamilies (ERK, BMK, p38, JNK) function and localize during the cell cycle.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are crucial signaling pathways linking extracellular stimuli to cellular responses.
  • MAPK roles in cell growth, differentiation, and survival are well-established, but their precise involvement in cell-cycle control is complex and evolving.
  • Subfamily-specific functions and subcellular localization patterns of MAPKs during the cell cycle are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and contrast the current understanding of MAPK subfamily functions in cell-cycle control.
  • To review the subfamily-specific subcellular localization and movement patterns of MAPKs during the cell cycle.
  • To highlight unanswered questions regarding MAPK roles in cell-cycle progression and regulation.

Main Methods:

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

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Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET
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Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET
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Monitoring Kinase and Phosphatase Activities Through the Cell Cycle by Ratiometric FRET

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  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on MAPK signaling.
  • Comparative analysis of the four major MAPK subfamilies: ERK, BMK, p38, and JNK.
  • Focus on studies investigating MAPK localization and function across different cell-cycle phases.

Main Results:

  • Emerging patterns reveal distinct roles for MAPK subfamilies at specific cell-cycle stages.
  • Subfamily-specific subcellular localization and dynamic movement are key features of MAPK regulation during the cell cycle.
  • While functions are becoming clearer, many cell-cycle-specific roles of MAPKs remain to be experimentally demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • MAPK subfamilies exhibit specialized functions and localization dynamics critical for cell-cycle progression.
  • Understanding these intricate patterns is essential for deciphering complex cellular responses.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the demonstrated cell-cycle functions of MAPKs.