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Related Experiment Videos

Estuarial fingerprinting through multidimensional fluorescence and multivariate analysis.

Gregory J Hall1, Kerin E Clow, Jonathan E Kenny

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.

Environmental Science & Technology
|October 26, 2005
PubMed
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This study introduces a new fluorescence fingerprinting method to identify the origin of ballast water, crucial for preventing aquatic nuisance species (ANS) introductions. The technique successfully distinguished water samples from locations less than 10 miles apart.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Aquatic nuisance species (ANS) pose a threat to U.S. estuaries.
  • Ballast water exchange (BWE) regulations are in place to prevent ANS introduction.
  • Accurate determination of ballast water origin is needed for effective regulation enforcement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprinting (excitation emission matrix - EEM spectroscopy) as a tool for ballast water analysis.
  • To develop and apply multivariate classification and curve resolution methods for water origin determination.

Main Methods:

  • Excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy was employed to collect fluorescence data.
  • Multivariate analysis techniques, including N-way partial least squares Regression-discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), were utilized.

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  • Classification models were built to discriminate between water samples from different locations.

    • Main Results:

    • The EEM spectroscopy technique, combined with multivariate analysis, successfully discriminated between water samples from sampling sites less than 10 miles apart.
    • This represents the first known application of multivariate analysis for classifying water by origin.
    • Curve resolution methods revealed seasonal variations in fluorescence data that impacted classification accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • Three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprinting is a promising analytical tool for ballast water analysis.
    • Multivariate classification and curve resolution methods are effective for determining water origin and identifying seasonal patterns.
    • This approach can aid in enforcing ballast water exchange regulations and preventing ANS introductions.