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Bioavailability of fluoride in drinking water: a human experimental study
A Maguire1, F V Zohouri, J C Mathers
1Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK. A.Maguire@ncl.ac.uk
Journal of Dental Research
|October 26, 2005
Summary
Systemic fluoride absorption from drinking water is not significantly affected by water hardness or whether fluoride is natural or added. Variations in individual absorption are much larger than differences between water types.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Pharmacokinetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Fluoride absorption from drinking water may be influenced by water composition.
- Factors like fluoride source (natural vs. artificial) and water hardness are hypothesized to affect bioavailability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of water hardness and fluoride source on systemic fluoride absorption.
- To quantify fluoride bioavailability by measuring plasma fluoride concentrations over time.
Main Methods:
- Human double-blind cross-over trial.
- Ingestion of naturally and artificially fluoridated hard and soft waters, plus a reference water.
- Measurement of plasma fluoride concentration parameters: c(max), T(max), and AUC(0-8).
Main Results:
- No statistically significant differences were observed in AUC(0-8), c(max), or T(max) among the different water types.
- Mean AUC(0-8) values ranged from 1328 to 1679 ng F.min.mL(-1).
- Observed variations in fluoride absorption were primarily due to within- and between-subject differences.
Conclusions:
- Water hardness and fluoride source (natural vs. artificial) have minimal impact on fluoride bioavailability from drinking water.
- Individual variability in fluoride absorption is a more significant factor than water characteristics.