Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2026

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease
04:21

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease

Published on: August 4, 2021

[Papillomatosis of the lower respiratory tracts in children]

Iu L Soldatskiĭ, E K Onufrieva, A M Steklov

    Vestnik Otorinolaringologii
    |October 26, 2005
    PubMed

    Insights

    Papillomatosis affecting the lower airways, including the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, is more aggressive and harder to treat than laryngeal papillomatosis. Regular monitoring is crucial for patients with a history of tracheotomy to detect potential lower airway papilloma development.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
    • Otolaryngology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Respiratory papillomatosis is a rare condition caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
    • Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most common form, but it can extend to the lower airways.
    • Tracheotomy and tracheal intubation are known risk factors for lower airway papillomatosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the clinical course and treatment outcomes of lower airway papillomatosis with laryngeal papillomatosis in children.
    • To identify risk factors and prognostic indicators for severe forms of respiratory papillomatosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 40 children with lower airway papillomatosis and 408 children with laryngeal papillomatosis.
    • All patients underwent surgical intervention between 1988 and 2003 with histological confirmation.
    • Data on disease progression, treatment efficacy, and complications were collected.

    Main Results:

    • Papillomas involved the lower airways primarily due to tracheotomy (92.5%) or tracheal intubation (7.5%).
    • Lower airway papillomatosis demonstrated a more aggressive clinical course and poorer treatment outcomes compared to laryngeal papillomatosis.
    • Pulmonary papillomatosis invariably carried a poor prognosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Lower airway papillomatosis requires more aggressive management and has a worse prognosis than laryngeal disease.
    • Children with laryngeal papillomatosis and a history of tracheotomy necessitate long-term endoscopic and radiographic surveillance due to the risk of developing lower airway or pulmonary papillomatosis years after decanulation.

    Related Concept Videos

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

    Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
    Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

    Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

    The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
    Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

    Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

    The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
    Nose and nasal cavity
    The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
    Atypical Pneumonia01:14

    Atypical Pneumonia

    Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
    Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

    Pneumonia I: Introduction

    Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
    Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

    Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

    The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
    The Larynx
    It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...