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Nine-year refractive changes in the Barbados Eye Studies.

Suh-Yuh Wu1, Yun Joo Yoo, Barbara Nemesure

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, USA. swu@notes.cc.sunysb.edu

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|October 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia frequently develop in older adults of African descent. Conditions such as glaucoma and diabetes increase myopia risk, highlighting public health relevance.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Refractive errors are a significant global health concern.
  • Understanding age-related changes and risk factors for myopia and hyperopia is crucial, especially in diverse populations.
  • The Barbados Eye Studies provide valuable longitudinal data on eye health in adults of African descent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document 9-year changes in refractive errors among adults of African descent.
  • To estimate the incidence of myopia and hyperopia over a 9-year period.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of myopia and hyperopia.

Main Methods:

  • A 9-year follow-up of the Barbados Eye Studies included 2793 participants.
  • Refractive errors were measured using automated refraction.

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  • Myopia and hyperopia incidence rates and associated risk factors were analyzed using survival analysis models.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant refractive shifts were observed, with younger adults experiencing hyperopic shifts and older adults experiencing myopic shifts.
    • The 9-year incidence was 12.0% for myopia and 29.5% for hyperopia.
    • Risk factors for myopia included older age, nuclear lens opacities, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, male gender, and diabetes history. Hyperopia risk decreased with older age, male gender, and glaucoma.

    Conclusions:

    • Refractive errors, particularly myopia, continue to develop in older adults.
    • Nuclear lens opacities, glaucoma, and diabetes are significant risk factors for older-onset myopia.
    • Findings have public health implications for managing refractive errors in African-origin populations.