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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
Published on: March 12, 2016
Neuroprotection by sodium channel blockade with phenytoin in an experimental model of glaucoma
Bryan C Hains1, Stephen G Waxman
1Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Purpose:
Sustained influx of intracellular sodium through voltage-gated sodium channels is an important event in the cascade leading to degeneration of axons. This study tested the hypothesis that sodium channel blockade with phenytoin would result in neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve axons in an experimental model of glaucoma.
Methods:
Chronic elevation of rat intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to optic nerve damage was induced using the episcleral vein occlusion model. Before induction of glaucoma, a subset of animals was placed on phenytoin-containing chow; this treatment continued for 8 weeks. Quantitative counts of backfilled RGCs and optic nerve axons was performed to examine the effects of phenytoin on glaucoma-induced adverse neurodegeneration.
Results:
Elevated IOP resulted in a significant decrease in density of RGCs, as well as dropout of axons within the optic nerve at 8 weeks after induction. In phenytoin-treated animals, however, the loss of RGCs was significantly reduced compared to vehicle-treated glaucomatous animals. Axon loss in the optic nerve was also reduced in phenytoin-treated animals, compared to controls.
Conclusions:
Orally delivered phenytoin was effective in protecting neurons in an animal model of glaucoma, and merits further examination as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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