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Electrokinetic transport in nanochannels. 2. Experiments.

Sumita Pennathur1, Juan G Santiago

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. sumita@stanford.edu

Analytical Chemistry
|November 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study validates continuum theory for nanoscale electrokinetic transport and separations in quartz nanochannels. The findings show effective mobility depends on ion valence and electric double layer shape, enabling new separation methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Continuum theory is often applied to microscale electrokinetics, but its validity at the nanoscale is less understood.
  • Electrical double layer physics governs ion behavior near charged surfaces, impacting transport phenomena.
  • Nanoscale electrophoretic separations offer potential for novel analytical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nanoscale electrokinetic transport and electrical double layer physics in quartz nanochannels.
  • To assess the applicability of continuum theory to predict electrokinetic phenomena at the nanoscale.
  • To explore nanoscale electrophoretic separations and develop a method for determining ion valence and mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of custom quartz nanochannels.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantitative epifluorescence imaging and current monitoring.
  • Parametric variation of electric field, channel depth, buffer concentration, and ion valence.

    • Main Results:

    • Continuum theory effectively predicts electrokinetic transport and electrophoretic separations in nanochannels.
    • Effective mobility in nanochannels is influenced by ion mobility, electric double layer shape, and analyte ion valence.
    • A novel method, electrokinetic separation by ion valence, was demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • Continuum theory is a useful tool for modeling nanoscale electrokinetic systems.
    • Understanding the electric double layer is crucial for predicting nanoscale transport.
    • The developed method allows independent determination of ion valence and mobility.