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Drug-induced diabetes mellitus
Hassane Izzedine1, Vincent Launay-Vacher, Camille Deybach
1Department of Nephrology, Pitie-SalPetriere Hospital, Paris, France. hassan.izzedine@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|November 1, 2005
Summary
Certain medications can increase the risk of developing hyperglycemia and diabetes. Close monitoring of plasma glucose is recommended when prescribing drugs known to affect carbohydrate metabolism, especially for patients with hypertension, HIV, or those who have undergone transplantation.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Endocrinology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Medications can significantly impact glucose metabolism through various mechanisms.
- Certain patient populations, including those with hypertension, HIV infection, or post-transplantation, are particularly vulnerable to drug-induced metabolic changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review medications known to influence glucose metabolism.
- To focus on the impact of these drugs in hypertensive, transplant, and HIV-infected patients.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE from 1970 to the present.
- Search terms included specific drug classes, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, HIV, transplantation, hypertension, and psychiatric conditions.
Main Results:
- Numerous common medications affect glucose metabolism via pancreatic, hepatic, and peripheral pathways.
- Increased prevalence of hyperglycemia was observed with thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, calcineurin inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and atypical antipsychotics.
Conclusions:
- Patients using these medications face an elevated risk of developing diabetes mellitus.
- Regular plasma glucose monitoring is advisable when prescribing medications with known carbohydrate metabolism effects.