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Related Experiment Videos

Programming of appetite and type 2 diabetes.

Malgorzata S Martin-Gronert1, Susan E Ozanne

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QR, UK.

Early Human Development
|November 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Early life growth restriction, like low birth weight, can program adult health, increasing risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Maternal nutrition may influence these developmental programming effects through epigenetic changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Metabolic disease research
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epidemiological and animal studies indicate developmental programming can cause long-term health issues.
  • Low birth weight is associated with adult diseases, including type 2 diabetes.
  • Obesity may result from programmed appetite regulation during fetal and neonatal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between early growth restriction and adult metabolic diseases.
  • To understand the role of leptin and insulin in altered appetite regulation in low birth weight individuals.
  • To investigate potential molecular mechanisms, such as epigenetic alterations, involved in developmental programming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological findings.

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  • Analysis of experimental data from animal studies.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms including epigenetic alterations.

    • Main Results:

    • Early growth restriction can lead to detrimental long-term health consequences.
    • Low birth weight and obesity are linked to altered appetite regulation.
    • Interactions between leptin and insulin offer insights into metabolic regulation.
    • Epigenetic modifications in response to maternal nutrition are potential molecular drivers.

    Conclusions:

    • Developmental programming, influenced by factors like birth weight and maternal nutrition, significantly impacts adult health.
    • Altered appetite regulation and increased risk of type 2 diabetes in low birth weight individuals may stem from molecular changes like epigenetic alterations.