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Chiari anomalies in the human right atrium
Kunwar P Bhatnagar1, G S Nettleton, Ferrell R Campbell
1Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA. bhatnagar@louisville.edu
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|November 1, 2005
Summary
Chiari anomalies, or the "right atrial net," involving the inferior vena cava and coronary sinus valves, are more common than previously thought. These structural variations may impact heart function.
Area of Science:
- Anatomical Pathology
- Cardiovascular Anatomy
Background:
- Chiari anomalies, described as fenestrated valves or strands in the right atrium, are rarely documented.
- Their prevalence and functional impact on the heart remain largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the gross, histological, and ultrastructural features of Chiari anomalies in human hearts.
- To determine the prevalence of these anomalies and propose standardized terminology.
Main Methods:
- Gross examination of 213 cadaver hearts, 38 autopsied hearts, and 11 fetal hearts.
- Histological and ultrastructural analysis of inferior vena cava and coronary sinus valves.
Main Results:
- Chiari malformations were observed in 13.6% of cadaver hearts and 10.5% of autopsied hearts, significantly higher than previously cited figures.
- Fenestrations of the coronary sinus valve were the most frequent anomaly observed.
- Anomalous coronary sinus valves contained cardiac muscle, unlike inferior vena cava valves.
Conclusions:
- The term "right atrial net" is proposed to encompass Chiari anomalies involving the inferior vena cava and coronary sinus valves and associated atrial strands.
- The prevalence of these anomalies is notably higher than previously reported, necessitating further research into their functional significance.
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