Autoantibodies in scleroderma

The antinuclear and antinucleolar antibodies found in patients with scleroderma are discussed. Many of the autoantigens have been characterized, the cDNA cloned and the epitopes defined. Many of the more common autoantigens are DNA-binding proteins, which are very important in transcription and in cell division. The clinical significance of the autoantibodies is discussed: their prevalence and their relation to disease manifestations and prognosis is examined. The unique exclusiveness of the major autoantibodies is discussed. The data on the immunoglobulin and IgG subclass is reviewed in relation to the overall concept that most autoantibodies in scleroderma patients represent the result of an antigen-driven response.