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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
07:39

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity

Carola G Vinuesa1, Stuart G Tangye, Bernhard Moser

  • 1Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|November 2, 2005
PubMed

T-cell help for B cells is essential for high-affinity antibody responses and B-cell memory. Recently, the identity of a discrete follicular population of T cells that has a crucial role in this process has become clearer. Similar to primed CD4(+) T cells in the tonsils and memory CD4(+) T cells in the peripheral blood, this follicular population of T cells expresses CXC-chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5). Owing to their distinct homing preferences and helper function, these T cells differ from T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells and have been denoted follicular B helper T cells. Here, we outline the central role of this subset in normal and pathological immune responses.

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