Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement (PMSM), for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
Published on: February 29, 2020
"We all look the same to me": positive emotions eliminate the own-race in face recognition
Kareem J Johnson1, Barbara L Fredrickson
1University of Michigan, USA. kareem.johnson@temple.edu
Abstract:
Extrapolating from the broaden-and-build theory, we hypothesized that positive emotion may reduce the own-race bias in facial recognition. In Experiments 1 and 2, Caucasian participants (N = 89) viewed Black and White faces for a recognition task. They viewed videos eliciting joy, fear, or neutrality before the learning (Experiment 1) or testing (Experiment 2) stages of the task. Results reliably supported the hypothesis. Relative to fear or a neutral state, joy experienced before either stage improved recognition of Black faces and significantly reduced the own-race bias. Discussion centers on possible mechanisms for this reduction of the own-race bias, including improvements in holistic processing and promotion of a common in-group identity due to positive emotions.
Related Concept Videos
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Emotional Expression
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect
Relationship Formation
Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals

