Membranous glomerulopathy in children given allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but membranous glomerulopathy (MG) has rarely been described as a manifestation of chronic GVHD. We report two cases of MG in children who underwent allogeneic HSCT. The clinical findings were characterized by edema of the lower extremities and nephrotic proteinuria in one case and hypertension, hematuria and edema with non-nephrotic proteinuria in the other one. Renal biopsy was consistent with MG and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy was prescribed. Both patients achieved complete remission and are alive without renal disease 4 and 2 years after the diagnosis of MG. The normal levels of albumin and non-nephrotic proteinuria in one of the two cases raise the question of whether the real incidence of MG after HSCT is underestimated. Therefore, we strongly suggest regular urine analysis during the follow-up of children undergoing HSCT in order to diagnose MG early.