Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Search research articles

Related Experiment Videos

Declarative memory, awareness, and transitive inference.

Christine Smith¹, Larry R Squire

¹Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|November 4, 2005

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exploring transitions in care for individuals living with and beyond cancer: A qualitative study.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Patients' knowledge of and experience with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)-guided surgery: a qualitative study.

BMC women's health·2026

Same author

Enablers and barriers to participation in vaccine trials: a narrative synthesis.

Vaccine·2025

Same author

iKids study protocol: a longitudinal study to understand the impact of interactive electronic devices on the development and health of young children in England.

BMJ open·2025

Same author

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Guidelines and Hospital Length of Stay, Readmission, Complications, and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

JAMA network open·2024

Same author

Fathers' Experiences during Delivery of Their Newborns: A Content Analysis.

International journal of community based nursing and midwifery·2024

Same journal

A Matter of Parameters: Tailored Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Enhances Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuit Resonance.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same journal

Proactive visual and motor prioritization differentially scale with cue reliability.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same journal

Erratum: Yao et al., "Estrogen Regulates Bcl-w and Bim Expression: Role in Protection against β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Neuronal Death".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same journal

Erratum: L'Episcopo et al., "Plasticity of Subventricular Zone Neuroprogenitors in MPTP (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine) Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Involves Cross Talk between Inflammatory and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways: Functional Consequences for Neuroprotection and Repair".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same journal

Representations of subsecond duration-based timing by complex spike synchrony in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same journal

The extended language network: Language-responsive brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

See all related articles

Awareness is crucial for transitive inference, a key aspect of declarative memory. Participants aware of learned hierarchies performed well, while unaware individuals and those with hippocampal damage showed significant deficits.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Neurobiology

Background:

Declarative memory is typically associated with conscious recall.
Recent studies question the link between awareness and declarative memory using transitive inference tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between awareness and performance in transitive inference tasks.
To determine if awareness is essential for declarative memory.

Main Methods:

Participants completed five-item and six-item transitive inference tasks.
Performance was correlated with awareness of the learned hierarchical relationships.
Memory-impaired patients with hippocampal damage were tested.

Main Results:

Awareness of the hierarchy strongly predicted performance on transitive inference tests.

Related Experiment Videos

Unaware participants and those with hippocampal damage performed poorly.

Hippocampal patients struggled with initial learning and hierarchy awareness.

Conclusions:

Awareness is critical for robust transitive inference performance.
Findings support the view that conscious awareness is fundamental to declarative memory.