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The gingival smile line.

S Peck1, L Peck, M Kataja

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass.

The Angle Orthodontist
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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A gingival smile line (GSL) involves showing upper gums when smiling. This study found GSL is linked to excess upper jaw growth and strong lip-raising muscles in orthodontic patients.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Facial Aesthetics

Background:

  • The gingival smile line (GSL) is defined by maxillary anterior gingiva exposure during smiling.
  • Understanding GSL determinants is crucial for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dentolabial and skeletal factors associated with the gingival smile line.
  • To differentiate between patients with and without a GSL.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving a GSL sample (n=27) and a reference sample (n=88).
  • Measurement of five soft-tissue, three dental, and three skeletal variables in North American white orthodontic patients (median age 14.4 years).

Main Results:

  • Gingival smile line presence is significantly associated with anterior vertical maxillary excess and increased upper lip elevation during smiling.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Greater overjet, interlabial gap at rest, and overbite were also significantly linked to GSL.
  • Upper-lip length, incisor crown height, and specific skeletal angles (mandibular and palatal plane) were not associated with GSL.

    • Conclusions:

    • Gingival smile line is primarily influenced by vertical maxillary growth and dynamic lip muscle activity.
    • Orthodontic treatment considerations for GSL should focus on skeletal and muscular factors rather than dental or static lip measurements.