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1,3-dinitrobenzene toxicity in the least shrew, Cryptotis parva.

Orin B Mock1, Stan W Casteel, Nissar A Darmani

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA. omock@atsu.edu

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|November 5, 2005
PubMed
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Least shrews exhibit sensitivity to 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), with adverse effects observed at low doses. Standard toxicity benchmarks may overestimate safety for these small mammals.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Mammalian Toxicology
  • Wildlife Toxicology

Background:

  • Shrews bioaccumulate pollutants more than rodents.
  • Understanding shrew toxicity is crucial for environmental risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the toxicity of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) in least shrews (Cryptotis parva).
  • To establish the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for DNB in this species.

Main Methods:

  • Least shrews (10 males, 10 females) were fed DNB at varying doses (0-46.3 µL/L) for 14 days.
  • Clinical pathology, organ weights, and histopathology were assessed.
  • Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was determined based on leukocytosis.

Main Results:

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  • LOAEL established at 0.26 mg/kg body weight/day (leukocytosis).
  • Adrenal enlargement at 1.06 mg/kg/day; splenic enlargement and reduced hematocrit/hemoglobin at 4.26 mg/kg/day.
  • Liver/heart enlargement, reduced brown fat, and altered enzyme levels at higher doses; Kupffer cell hemosiderosis and potential testicular damage observed.

Conclusions:

  • Least shrews are sensitive to DNB, with effects occurring at lower doses than predicted by standard scaling estimates.
  • Current toxicity benchmarks may not accurately reflect risks for shrews.
  • Further research is needed to refine toxicity assessments for small mammals like shrews.