Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
Hydraulic Jump01:29

Hydraulic Jump

A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving01:16

Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving

To analyze a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel with a flow speed of 6 meters per second, follow these steps:Calculate Effective Upstream Velocity:When the downstream gate closes, a hydraulic jump forms, traveling upstream at 2 meters per second. This wave speed combines with the initial channel flow velocity, creating an effective upstream velocity.Identify Flow Velocities Before and After the Hydraulic Jump:Upstream of the hydraulic jump, the effective flow velocity includes both the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A lipid-centric view of endocytosis by caveolae.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Myomaker and ether lipids cooperate to promote fusion-competent membrane states.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Cell fusion in osteoclastogenesis.

Biochemical Society transactions·2025
Same author

Phosphatidylserine exposure and annexin A5 weaken the actin cortex in osteoclast fusion.

The Journal of cell biology·2025
Same author

A model for membrane curvature generation by caveolin discs driven by differential contact interaction.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Elevated surface La promotes hyperfusion and contributes to impaired resorption in osteopetrosis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
07:54

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

Published on: October 15, 2015

Membrane hemifusion: crossing a chasm in two leaps.

Leonid V Chernomordik1, Michael M Kozlov

  • 1Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. chernoml@mail.nih.gov

Cell
|November 5, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Membrane fusion begins with outer leaflet merging, forming a hemifusion intermediate. This critical stage precedes fusion pore opening and is vital for cellular processes like exocytosis and viral entry.

More Related Videos

SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
10:58

SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy

Published on: August 24, 2016

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion
06:10

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

Published on: July 27, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
07:54

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

Published on: October 15, 2015

SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
10:58

SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy

Published on: August 24, 2016

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion
06:10

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Membrane Dynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Membrane fusion is a fundamental biological process.
  • It involves the merging of lipid bilayers.
  • Hemifusion is a transient intermediate state in membrane fusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the initial events of membrane fusion.
  • To highlight the significance of the hemifusion intermediate.
  • To connect hemifusion to key cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of membrane dynamics.
  • Biochemical assays to track lipid movement.
  • Analysis of fusion pore formation.

Main Results:

  • The outer membrane leaflets merge before the inner leaflets.
  • Hemifusion is characterized by the separation of inner leaflets.
  • Hemifusion is a conserved intermediate in multiple fusion events.

Conclusions:

  • Hemifusion is a critical, conserved intermediate in membrane fusion.
  • Understanding hemifusion is key to understanding exocytosis, protein trafficking, and viral entry.