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Extensive H(+) release by bone substitutes affects biocompatibility in vitro testing.

M Jäger1, J Fischer, A Schultheis

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. Jaeger@med.uni-duesseldorf.de

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|November 5, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated bone substitute biocompatibility using human bone marrow cells. Collagen I/III, bovine bone, and tricalcium phosphates showed better cell survival than demineralized bone matrices, which caused significant cell death due to pH changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone substitutes are crucial for orthopedic and trauma surgery to repair bone defects and enhance healing.
  • In vitro cell culture systems are established methods for assessing biomaterial toxicity and biocompatibility.
  • Evaluating the in vitro toxic effects of soluble components from clinically used bone substitutes is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the in vitro biocompatibility of various clinically used bone substitutes.
  • To compare the effects of different bone substitute materials on human bone marrow cell viability and morphology.
  • To investigate the influence of culture media on cell survival in the presence of bone substitutes.

Main Methods:

  • Human bone marrow cell cultures were exposed to soluble components of tricalcium phosphates (TCP), bovine bone, demineralized human bone matrices (DBM), and collagen I/III matrix.

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  • Biocompatibility was assessed by measuring cell viability (phase-contrast microscopy, laser flow cytometry), cell morphology, and local H+ release.
  • Tested bone substitutes included Vitoss, Cerasorb, Lubboc, Grafton Flex/Putty, and ACI-Maix in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and MesenCult.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences in cell viability and H+ release were observed among tested bone substitutes and culture media (p < 0.05).
    • Collagen I/III, non-demineralized bovine bone, and TCP materials demonstrated superior cell survival rates compared to other materials.
    • Demineralized human bone matrices (DBM) significantly decreased pH, correlating with substantial cell death.

    Conclusions:

    • Collagen I/III, bovine bone, and TCP are favorable bone substitute materials regarding in vitro cell survival.
    • The choice of culture medium (DMEM or MesenCult) impacts cell survival depending on the bone substitute's effect on pH.
    • DBM materials require careful consideration due to their potential to induce cytotoxic acidic environments.