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Related Experiment Videos

Lower extremity control and dynamics during backward angular impulse generation in backward translating tasks.

W Mathiyakom1, J L McNitt-Gray, R Wilcox

  • 1Biomechanics Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of Southern California, 3560 Watt Way, PED 107, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA.

Experimental Brain Research
|November 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Complex movements involve hierarchical control. This study found that backward somersaults, unlike back timers, alter lower extremity joint control to manage body center of mass (CoM) relative to reaction force (RF).

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Complex whole-body movements suggest hierarchical control of multiple subsystems by the nervous system.
  • Trunk-leg coordination is crucial for regulating the body's center of mass (CoM) relative to the ground reaction force (RF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if task-specific trunk-leg coordination differences influence lower extremity joint control during the impulse generation phase.
  • To compare joint kinetics and muscle activation during backward jumps with and without angular impulse.

Main Methods:

  • Eight skilled performers executed backward translating jumps with and without backward rotation (back somersault vs. back timer).
  • Sagittal plane kinematics, ground reaction forces (RFs), and lower extremity muscle electromyograms were recorded during takeoff.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Lower extremity joint kinetics were computed using inverse dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Backward somersaults showed reduced knee-extensor moments and increased hip-extensor moments compared to back timers.
    • Differences in trunk angular velocity redistributed work done by lower extremity joints.
    • Joint kinetics changes were linked to synergistic activation of bi-articular muscles crossing the knee and hip.

    Conclusions:

    • Task-specific control of the CoM relative to RF modifies knee and hip joint control and dynamics.
    • Altered total-body control objectives impact the multi-joint lower extremity subsystem's dynamics.
    • Hierarchical control adapts lower extremity joint strategies based on task demands, specifically angular impulse generation.