Validation of three predictive equations for basal metabolic rate in adults

To cross-validate three predictive set of equations for basal metabolic rate (BMR) developed by Schofield (Schofield database), Henry (Oxford database) and Cole (Oxford database) using mean values for age, weight, height and BMR of published studies.

Literature review of studies published from 1985 to March 2002.

All studies selected used appropriate methods and followed conditions that met the criteria established for basal metabolism, were performed in healthy adults, and were not part of the Schofield or Oxford database.

A total of 261 groups of men and women from 175 studies were selected and categorised in three age groups (18.5-29.9, 30.0-59.9, > or = 60 years old) and three body mass index (BMI) groups (normal weight, overweight and obese).

Linear regression and concordance correlation analysis showed that the three sets of equations had the same association and agreement with measured BMR, across gender, age, and BMI groups. The agreement of all equations was moderate for men and poor for women. The lowest mean squared prediction errors (MSPRs) were given by Henry equations in men and Cole equations in women. Henry and Cole equations gave lower values than Schofield equations, except for men over 60 years of age. Henry equations were the most accurate in men. None of the three equations performed consistently better in women.

These results support the use of Henry equations in men with a wide range of age and BMI. None of the proposed predictive equations seem to be appropriate to estimate BMR in women.