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Body fat distribution, body composition, and respiratory function in elderly men.

S Goya Wannamethee1, A Gerald Shaper, Peter H Whincup

  • 1Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom. goya@pcps.ucl.ac.uk

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|November 11, 2005
PubMed
Summary

In elderly men, higher body fat and central adiposity negatively impact lung function. However, increased fat-free mass (FFM), indicating more muscle, is linked to better lung capacity and reduced risk of poor FEV1:FVC ratio.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Population studies often show weak links between Body Mass Index (BMI) and lung function.
  • The specific impact of fat distribution and body composition on lung health requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent effects of fat distribution and body composition on lung function in elderly men.
  • To examine the relationship between anthropometric measures, body composition, and spirometry results in older men.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 2744 men aged 60-79 years, free from cardiovascular disease and cancer.
  • Measurements included anthropometry, body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, % body fat) via bioimpedance, and lung function via spirometry.

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  • Statistical analysis adjusted for confounders like age and smoking history.

    • Main Results:

    • Height-standardized forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was lower in very lean and obese men.
    • Forced vital capacity (FVC) decreased with increasing BMI.
    • Adiposity measures (waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat mass, % body fat) were inversely associated with FEV1 and FVC.
    • Fat-free mass (FFM) was positively associated with FEV1 and FVC.
    • Higher BMI and FFM were linked to lower odds of a low FEV1:FVC ratio.

    Conclusions:

    • Total body fat and central adiposity are inversely related to lung function in elderly men.
    • Increased fat-free mass (muscle mass) is associated with improved lung function.
    • Higher BMI and FFM are associated with a reduced likelihood of abnormal FEV1:FVC ratios.