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Acute retinal necrosis.

Adriana A Bonfioli1, Andrew W Eller

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Seminars in Ophthalmology
|November 12, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a severe inflammatory eye condition. Early diagnosis and treatment with antivirals and corticosteroids are crucial to prevent vision loss and fellow eye involvement.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare intraocular inflammatory syndrome.
  • Characterized by severe uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and necrosis, ARN can affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Viral etiologies, including varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV), are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of acute retinal necrosis.
  • To highlight the importance of timely intervention in preventing complications such as retinal detachment and fellow eye involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis of ARN is primarily clinical.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of aqueous humor aids in identifying the causative viral agent.

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  • Treatment involves a combination of antiviral medications, corticosteroids, and aspirin.

    • Main Results:

    • ARN presents with iridocyclitis, vitritis, retinal vasculitis, and necrosis.
    • Bilateral involvement occurs in approximately two-thirds of patients, often within weeks of initial symptoms.
    • Retinal detachment is a common complication, occurring in up to 75% of cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of ARN are essential for visual preservation.
    • Intravenous acyclovir followed by oral therapy is the standard treatment to prevent recurrence and fellow eye disease.
    • Alternative antiviral agents are available for patients intolerant to acyclovir.