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Increased risk of tuberculosis with human T-lymphotropic virus-1 infection: a case-control study
Jamocyr Marinho1, Bernardo Galvão-Castro, Laura C Rodrigues
1HTLV Reference Centre, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil. jamocyr@uol.com.br
Objectives:
To investigate whether infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) increases the risk of tuberculosis.
Design:
A case-control study.
Setting:
City of Salvador, Brazil.
Participants:
A total of 375 patients with tuberculosis (cases) and 378 individuals without tuberculosis (controls), matched by age and sex.
Main Outcome Measure:
Tuberculosis of lung or lymph node.
Main Exposure:
Human HTLV-1 infection.
Results:
The prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 4.27% (16/375) in patients with tuberculosis and 1.32% (5/378) in controls, resulting in a crude odds ratio of 3.31 (95% CI, 1.20-9.13) and an adjusted odds ratio of 3.01 (95% CI, 1.06-8.58).
Conclusion:
HTLV-1 infection is associated with a first diagnosis of tuberculosis. This may have implications for tuberculosis control in places with high prevalence of HTLV-1.
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