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Related Experiment Videos

Impedance characterization of microarray recording electrodes in vitro.

Daniel R Merrill1, Patrick A Tresco

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-9458, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|November 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Implanted brain electrodes experience increased impedance due to foreign body responses. Molecular and cellular attachments raise impedance but do not significantly hinder recording performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Chronic implantation of silicon microelectrode arrays in the central nervous system (CNS) leads to performance degradation.
  • The precise mechanisms causing this degradation, particularly the role of the brain's foreign body response, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether humoral and cellular components of the brain foreign body response contribute to increased electrical impedance on electrode surfaces.
  • To quantify the impact of serum and CNS cell coatings on microelectrode electrical impedance.

Main Methods:

  • Iridium oxide microelectrode recording arrays were used.
  • Electrical characterization was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry in saline, media with fetal bovine serum, and with CNS cell coatings.

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  • Potential cycling was applied to assess its effect on impedance over time.

    • Main Results:

    • Potential cycling initially decreased impedance, which then gradually increased over several days.
    • The addition of serum significantly increased electrode impedance by up to 28%.
    • Coating microelectrodes with CNS cell types caused immediate impedance increases of 20%-80%, which remained stable or increased over weeks.

    Conclusions:

    • Attachment of molecular and cellular species to microelectrodes after implantation in brain tissue likely increases electrical impedance.
    • Despite impedance increases, these factors do not appear to be sufficient to impede the recording performance of the microelectrodes.