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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Age and sex differences in neurobehavioral performance: a study of Portuguese elementary school children
Isabel Pavão Martins1, Alexandre Castro-Caldas, Brenda D Townes
1Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, IMM Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. labling@mail.telepac.pt
Abstract:
In this study normative data were obtained on measures of IQ, visual/motor, motor and memory functions among Portuguese elementary school children. Subjects were 228 females and 275 males, 8.0 to 11.9 years of age, in grades 2 through 4, who participated in a dental study. Performance on all tests improved with increasing age. Females performed better in rote verbal learning, psychomotor speed, and speed of information processing. Males had higher scores on tests of visual learning, visual memory, and fine motor speed and coordination. Nonverbal IQ had a significant impact on all tests except motor speed and coordination. Results represent an initial attempt to evaluate Portuguese children in educational and medical settings.
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