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West Nile virus--an old virus learning new tricks?
Thomas Briese1, Kristen A Bernard
1The Jerome L. and Dawn Greene Infectious Disease Laboratory, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
Journal of Neurovirology
|November 17, 2005
Summary
West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in the US have increased since 1999. Enhanced WNV virulence is suspected due to higher paralysis rates and bird deaths, prompting a review of its spread and transmission.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Epidemiology
- Virology
Background:
- West Nile virus (WNV) has caused annual US outbreaks since 1999.
- Severe WNV disease affects ~1% of infected individuals, but caused 564 deaths (1999-2003).
- Increased WNV-associated flaccid paralysis and high mortality in American birds suggest potential enhanced virulence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent observations of WNV host range and transmission during US outbreaks.
- To discuss epidemiological factors concerning WNV emergence in a new habitat.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent epidemiological data and observations from American WNV outbreaks.
- Analysis of host range, transmission dynamics, and disease emergence.
Main Results:
- WNV has demonstrated a significant presence and impact across the United States.
- Observations indicate a concerning rise in WNV-related neurological disease and avian mortality.
- The virus's adaptability and spread highlight the need for continued surveillance.
Conclusions:
- The emergence and spread of West Nile virus in the US warrant ongoing investigation.
- Potential enhanced virulence necessitates further research into WNV's host interactions and transmission.
- Epidemiological monitoring is crucial for managing WNV in its new environment.