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Alterations in human trabecular meshwork cell homeostasis by selenium.

Shannon M Conley1, Brian S McKay, A Jay Gandolfi

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, University of Arizona, 655 North Alvernon Way, Suite 108, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA.

Experimental Eye Research
|November 18, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Selenium exposure alters human trabecular meshwork cell homeostasis, impacting protein synthesis and morphology. However, it does not affect cell viability at physiologically relevant doses, suggesting potential implications for glaucoma risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocular toxicology
  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies suggest a link between selenium supplementation and increased risk of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
  • The trabecular meshwork (HTM) is a key site implicated in glaucoma pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of selenium on human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells.
  • To understand the cellular mechanisms underlying selenium's potential impact on ocular health.

Main Methods:

  • HTM cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to methylseleninic acid (MSeA) at physiologically relevant concentrations.
  • Selenium uptake, protein secretion, intracellular signaling, cell morphology, protein synthesis, and cell viability were assessed.
  • Integrin signaling involvement was explored using divalent cation treatments.

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Main Results:

  • Selenium was detected intracellularly after 24hr exposure, with most remaining extracellularly.
  • Selenium-induced morphological changes occurred rapidly (within 3 hours), preceding alterations in protein secretion and signaling (3-6 hours).
  • Zinc treatment mitigated selenium's effects on protein secretion and cell-matrix adhesion; MSeA reduced protein synthesis and secretion but not cell viability or ATP levels.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium affects HTM cell homeostasis, including morphology and protein synthesis, at physiologically relevant doses.
  • Despite altering cellular functions, selenium did not compromise cell viability in HTM cells.
  • Findings provide insights into selenium's mechanisms of action, potentially relevant to its anti-angiogenic properties and ocular health risks.