Effects of cricothyroid muscle contraction on upper airway flow dynamics in dogs

We studied the effects of cricothyroid muscle (CT) contraction on upper airway flow dynamics in eight prone open-mouth anesthetized dogs. Animals were mechanically ventilated via a tracheostomy while a constant airflow (Vuaw) passed through the isolated upper airway. Nasal airflow (Vn) was monitored using a nasal mask and pneumotachograph. Bilateral CT contraction was induced by electrical stimulation of the external branches of the superior laryngeal nerves. During CT contraction with Vuaw of 100-443 ml/s in the inspiratory direction, total upper airway resistance (Ruaw) fell by 49.1 +/- 5.4% (SE) while supraglottic resistance fell by 63.6 +/- 3.6%; simultaneously Vn fell by 55.3 +/- 3.8% and Vuaw increased by 7.2 +/- 1.7%. Similar results were obtained when Vuaw was in the expiratory direction. In three dogs in which the attachments of the CT to either the thyroid or cricoid cartilage were severed, superior laryngeal nerve stimulation had no systematic effect on Ruaw. Because visual assessment during CT contraction consistently revealed dilation of the piriform recesses, we suggest that CT contraction is associated with pharyngeal dilation, which in open-mouth dogs (with overlapping soft palate and epiglottis) redistributes flow to the oral route with a net reduction in Ruaw. Thus the CT may have a respiratory role as a pharyngeal dilator.