Francis H Shen1, Dino Samartzis, Howard S An
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. fhs2g@virginia.edu
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Successful spinal fusion requires bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), biological signals, and a scaffold. Current research focuses on optimizing MSCs for bone regeneration, improving spinal fusion success.
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