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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Fluorescence Live-cell Imaging of the Complete Vegetative Cell Cycle of the Slow-growing Social Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
Published on: June 20, 2018
Four unusual two-component signal transduction homologs, RedC to RedF, are necessary for timely development in
Penelope I Higgs1, Kyungyun Cho, David E Whitworth
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3204, USA.
Abstract:
We identified a cluster of four two-component signal transduction genes that are necessary for proper progression of Myxococcus xanthus through development. redC to redF mutants developed and sporulated early, resulting in small, numerous, and disorganized fruiting bodies. Yeast two-hybrid analyses suggest that RedCDEF act in a single signaling pathway. The previously identified espA gene displays a phenotype similar to that of redCDEF. However, combined mutants defective in espA redCDEF exhibited a striking additive developmental phenotype, suggesting that EspA and RedC to RedF play independent roles in controlling developmental progression.
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