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Physician-patient relationship and disclosure behaviour in chronic hepatitis C in a group of German outpatients
Arne Schäfer1, Michael Scheurlen, Marc Felten
1Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Würzburg University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Germany. arne.schaefer@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
Insights
Understanding hepatitis C virus (HCV) disclosure is key to improving patient-doctor relationships. Many patients plan to disclose their HCV status in future appointments, but proactive physician inquiry is crucial for open communication.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- The doctor-patient relationship in chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection faces unique challenges.
- Systematic investigation of factors influencing HCV status disclosure and the doctor-patient relationship is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine hepatitis C virus (HCV) positivity self-disclosure patterns.
- To assess perceived stigmatization among HCV outpatients.
- To identify potential predictor variables for HCV disclosure in a German outpatient setting.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional, single-centre study of 103 HCV outpatients.
- Data collected via standardized face-to-face interviews and psychometric questionnaires.
- Assessed HCV disclosure behavior, stigmatization, doctor-patient relationship, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal problems.
Main Results:
- Overall physician disclosure rate was 44.7%, but 75% intended to disclose in future appointments.
- Disclosure rates were significantly higher with family/friends (e.g., 99% with partners).
- Sociodemographic factors, personality traits, anxiety, and depression scores did not predict HCV disclosure; stigmatization was higher in women and depressed patients.
Conclusions:
- Educational interventions are needed to enhance the physician-patient relationship in chronic hepatitis C care.
- Improved communication can increase HCV disclosure rates and reduce problematic patient contacts.
- Physicians should proactively inquire about HCV status, as disclosure is not guaranteed.
Objectives:
In chronic hepatitis C infection, the doctor-patient relationship can be burdened for various reasons. Factors associated with the doctor-patient relationship and self-disclosure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) status have not so far been investigated systematically. The goal of the study was to examine self-disclosure of HCV positivity, perceived stigmatization, and potential predictor variables in a German outpatient group.
Methods:
In a cross-sectional single-centre study, we included a volunteer sample of 103 HCV outpatients. Patient recruitment was between March 2003 and September 2004. Data were obtained from a fully standardized face-to-face interview [HCV disclosure behaviour (main interview variable), stigmatization, doctor-patient relationship] and psychometric self-assessment questionnaires [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, German version; Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (global severity index); Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (total score)].
Results:
The overall general disclosure rate was 44.7% (with respect to all physicians). However, 75% stated revealing their positive serostatus in future physician appointments (P < 0.05). With respect to family/friends, disclosure rates were clearly higher (permanent partner, 99%; average, 76.7%). Patients' disclosure behaviour could not be predicted by sociodemographic variables or personality factors (binary logistic regression, P > 0.05). Similarly, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Symptom Checklist-90 subscales were not substantially associated with HCV disclosure. Experiences of stigmatization (rate 38.8%) were more frequent in women (P = 0.014) and patients with higher depression scores (P = 0.029).
Conclusions:
There is a need for education in the field of chronic hepatitis C in order to improve the physician-patient relationship. HCV disclosure rates might thus be increased and the frequency of problematic contacts reduced. Importantly, the data show that physicians should explicitly ask for the patients' HCV status because unrequested disclosure cannot be taken for granted.
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