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Bioabsorbable fixation devices in trauma and bone surgery: current clinical standing
Eero Waris1, Y T Konttinen, Nureddin Ashammakhi
1Peijas Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland and Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, PO Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. eero.waris@helsinki.fi
Expert Review of Medical Devices
|November 19, 2005
Summary
Bioabsorbable fixation devices, made from polylactic and polyglycolic acid polymers, offer alternatives to permanent implants in orthopedic and trauma surgery. These self-reinforcing devices eliminate removal surgeries and reduce complications like infections and stress shielding.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Medical Device Engineering
Background:
- Bioabsorbable fixation devices are gaining traction in various surgical fields.
- These devices are primarily composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and/or polyglycolic acid (PGA) polymers.
- Advanced manufacturing techniques yield ultra-high-strength implants from these polymers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current clinical applications of bioabsorbable fixation devices.
- To highlight the advantages of bioabsorbable implants over traditional metallic implants.
- To discuss the benefits in trauma, orthopedic, and craniomaxillofacial surgery.
Main Methods:
- Review of current clinical literature and device applications.
- Analysis of material properties and manufacturing techniques (self-reinforcing).
- Evaluation of implant performance in fracture stabilization, bone grafting, and soft tissue repair.
Main Results:
- Bioabsorbable implants are used for fractures, osteotomies, bone grafts, fusions, and soft tissue reattachment.
- Complete absorption eliminates the need for removal surgery.
- Reduced risks of stress shielding, peri-implant osteoporosis, infections, and interference with growing skeletons or imaging.
Conclusions:
- Bioabsorbable fixation devices provide a safe and effective alternative in orthopedic and trauma surgery.
- Their use circumvents complications associated with permanent implants.
- Continued clinical use and development are expected for these advanced biomaterials.