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Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane and...
Crystal Density01:19

Crystal Density

The crystal lattice structure of a material allows us to determine how many molecules exist in its unit cell. With this information, alongside the unit-cell parameters - three distance parameters (a, b, c) and three angular parameters (α, β, γ).Density (ρ) = (Z × M) / (a × b × c × NA)where:Z is the number of formula units per unit cellM is the molar mass of the substancea, b, and c are the edge lengths of the unit cellNA is Avogadro’s numberFor a simple cubic lattice, atoms are located only at...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...

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Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
10:10

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

Porous, crystalline, covalent organic frameworks.

Adrien P Côté1, Annabelle I Benin, Nathan W Ockwig

  • 1Materials Design and Discovery Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 19, 2005
PubMed
Summary

New covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were synthesized using phenyl diboronic acid and hexahydroxytriphenylene. These crystalline COFs exhibit high thermal stability, permanent porosity, and large surface areas for potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous polymers with tunable structures.
  • Designing and synthesizing novel COFs with specific properties is crucial for advanced material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using specific precursors.
  • To characterize the structural, thermal, and porosity properties of the synthesized COFs.

Main Methods:

  • Condensation reactions between phenyl diboronic acid and hexahydroxytriphenylene.
  • Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) for structural analysis.
  • Surface area and thermal stability measurements.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of two crystalline COFs: COF-1 and COF-5.
  • PXRD revealed staggered (COF-1) and eclipsed (COF-5) porous graphitic layers.
  • Pore sizes ranged from 7 to 27 angstroms, with high surface areas (711 m²/g for COF-1, 1590 m²/g for COF-5).
  • High thermal stability up to 500-600°C was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Novel COFs with rigid, porous architectures were successfully synthesized.
  • The characterized COFs possess desirable properties like high surface area and thermal stability.
  • These findings open avenues for COF utilization in various scientific and industrial fields.